Ka samaynta macnaha qeexida saliidda matoorka

Fahamka doorka saliidda matoorka

Saliidda matoorku waxay yaraynaysaa khilaafka u dhexeeya sagxadaha

Waxay yaraysaa xidhashada

Waxay yaraysaa kulaylka. Inta u dhaxaysa qaybaha silbashada

Waxay yaraynaysaa luminta tamarta

Waxay u shaqaysaa sidii qaboojiye ka saara kulaylka aagga khilaafku

Waa maxay viscosity saliidda matoorka?

Muuqaalka-galnimada waa cabbirka kala saara caabbinta dareeraha socodka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama ay saliiddu dhuuban tahay marka ay kululaato oo ay dhumucdo marka ay qaboojiso, qiimeynta viscosity ee saliidda waa in ay ku jirtaa tixraac heerkul ah. Waxa kale oo jira laba nooc oo ah cabbirada viscosity oil; Kinematic iyo Absolute (sidoo kale loo yaqaan dynamic)

Muwajisnimada kinematic oil ee matoorka waxaa lagu cabiraa centistokes (cST) ama mm2/s. Centistoke waa 1/100 ee saamiga. Stoke waa cabbir lagu go'aamiyo inta cuf (cufnaanta) dareeraha ahi dhaqaaqo ( sentimitir) inta lagu jiro wakhti, iyadoo lagu salaynayo garaam halkii senti mitir kuyuub ah iyada oo loo marayo marinka.

Halkan waa tusaale fudud oo Kinematic ah. viscosity; dalool cabbir go'an ku rid koob yar oo xidh. Kadibna koobka ku buuxi saliidda 100°C (212°F). Ka fur daloolka oo cabbir inta garaam oo saliid ah oo godka ku qulqulaysa inta lagu jiro wakhti go'an. Hadda waxaad haysataa qiimayn Kinematic ah. Nasiib darro, matoorada sidaas uma shaqeeyaan. Cabbiraadda caabbinta saliidda ee ku socota matoorka ayaa aad uga sii badanadag.

Marka hore, matoorada kuma tiirsana cuf-jiidka si ay u helaan socodka; Waxay ku wareegaan saliidda cadaadiska iyagoo isticmaalaya bamka saliidda. Marka labaad, saliidda matoorku kaliya kama soo daadato dalool koob. Waa in ay dhex martaa inta u dhaxaysa biraha iyo ulaha wareega iyo iyada oo dhex marta marinnada dhuuban ee saliidda. Saliiddu marka ay dhexda u gasho biraha iyo ulaha dhexdooda iyo marinnada, waxay la kulmeysaa jiid jiid.

Innagoo taas og, aan dib ugu noqonno tusaalaheenna koobka dhibicda. Halkii aad kaga tagi lahayd dusha sare ee koobka jawiga u furan, waxaanu dabooli doonaa oo codsan doonaa 10-psi oo cadaadis ah. Marka xigta, waxaan ku dhejin doonaa caws cabbitaan ah oo 12 inji ah godka hoose ee koobka. Haddii aan ku celino tijaabada -17.7°C (0°F) waxaan heli doonaa natiijo ka duwan natiijadani waxay noqon doontaa viscosity buuxda ama firfircoon.

Sidoo kale eeg: Qiyaasta shidaalku ma shaqaynayso

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, viscosity buuxda ee saliidda qiyaas sida uu saliidu u dhaqmo marka matoorku uu gurguuranayo oo saliidda la shubayo. Viscosity buuxda/dhaqdhaqaaqa saliidda matoorka ayaa runtii kuu sheegaysa sida ay saliiddu u dhaqmi doonto bilowga qabow marka aad qallafsan tahay iyo sida wanaagsan ee ay u shubto marka qabow.

Sidee loo muujiyaa viscosity saliidda motor? Bulshada Injineerada Gawaarida (SAE) waxay isticmaashaa kala soocida guud ee “XW-XX,” halkaas oo tirada ka horeysa “W” (jiilaalka) ay tahay waxqabadka heerkul-hooseeya ee dhammaystiran/firfircoon ee saliidda (-17.7°C (0°F) nambarka kalena waxa uu ka dhigan yahay heerkulka sare ee Kinematic saliidda oo ah 100°C (212°F).

Jiilaalkaqiimeynta waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab tijaabo oo gaar ah oo loo yaqaan simulator qabow-cranking iyo saliid kasta waxaa lagu cabbiraa mPa's. Heerkulka sare ee saliidda waxaa lagu cabbiraa (cSt)

Sidoo kale eeg: DirectFit ka soo horjeeda catalytic katalytic

> FIIRO GAAR AH: Darajooyinka saliidda ee hoos lagu muujiyey waxaa lagu tijaabiyaa heerkul kala duwan! Saliida 0W waxaa lagu tijaabiyaa -35°C halka saliidda 5W lagu tijaabinayo -30°C. Viscosities ee buundooyinka W waa MAXIMUM la ogol yahay, halka viscosities ee darajooyinka kulaylka sare ay yihiin UGU YAR 5>

>

Marka, saliidda heerka 5W-30 way dhumuc ka yar tahay Saliida heerka 10W-30 ee cimilada qabow. Taas macnaheedu waa saliid 5W-30 waxay u oggolaanaysaa injiinkaagu inuu si degdeg ah u ruqmo, bamka saliidduna wuu ka fududayn karaa saliidda 10W-30 isla heerkulka qabow.

Heerkulka sare, heerka 5W-30 wuu khafiifsan yahay. Si ka dhaqso badan saliidda 5W-40 isla heerkulkeedu sarreeyo.

Viscosity index (VI)

Heerka ay saliiddu dhuuban tahay waxaa lagu muujiyay tusmaheeda viscosity. Haddii saliiddu ay leedahay heer aad u gaabis ah oo khafiif ah marka heerkulku kordho, markaa VI-da ayaa sarreeya. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, saliid leh VI sare waxay ilaalisaa viscosity joogto ah oo ka badan heerkul ballaadhan

Saamaynta heerkulka ku yeelanayo viscosity saliid MA labis

> 4> khafiifinta saliidda ama dhumucduna waa aan toos ahayn. Tusaale ahaan, viscosity kinematic saliidda ayaa bedeli doona BADAN inta u dhaxaysa 50F iyo 59°F taas oo u dhaxaysa 176°F iyo 185°F.

"index (VI) ee kaydka saldhigga iyo saliidda lube waxaa soo saaray Dean iyo Davis oo ka socda Standard Oil sannadkii 1929. Waqtigan, wax saliid ah oo kala duwan iyo saliido synthetic lama helin. Miisaanka VI, laba dhibcood ayaa la dejiyay. Saliidaha leh isbeddelka viscosity-ku-tiirsanaanta hooseeya (saliida HVI ee laga sifeeyay cayriin Pennsylvania, saliidda paraffin) waxay ku jireen dhammaadka sare ee miisaanka.

VI kooda waxaa lagu tilmaamay 100, taas oo u dhiganta VI ugu fiican. Saliidaha leh isbeddelka viscosity ee muhiimka ah (saliida LVI, oo laga sifeeyay ceyriinka khaliijka Texas, saliid naphthenic) ayaa u taagan dhamaadka hoose. VI waxaa lagu tilmaamay 0 - tani waxay ahayd VI ugu xumaa ee suurtogalka ah. Qiimaha VI ee la xidhiidha saliidaha macdanta. Saliida lube ayaa markaa la barbar dhigay bartilmaameedyadan. Haddii saliiddu ay la mid tahay saliidda paraffin, VI ee 100 ayaa loo qoondeeyay; haddii ay la mid tahay saliidda naphthenic, VI of 0 ayaa loo qoondeeyay. Dhexda, VI ah ku dhawaad ​​50 ayaa lagu meelayn doonaa. Si loo kordhiyo VI ilaa qiyamka ka sarreeya 100, noocyada cusub ee saliidda saldhigga iyo waxyaabo gaar ah ayaa la sameeyay goor dambe." -Anton Paar

VI ee saliidda matoorku waxay u dhaxaysaa -60 ilaa 400, taas oo ku xidhan noocyada wax ka beddelka viscosity ee ay isticmaasho sifeeyaha ama isku-darka saliidda. Caadi ahaan, saliidda matoorku waxay ka kooban tahay inta u dhaxaysa 5% ilaa 20% daroogooyinka hagaajinta viscosity.

Tani waa muhiim. Dadku badanaa waxay u maleynayaan in lambarada koowaad iyo labaad ay yihiin labadaba qiimaha kinematic. Ma aha. Lambarka ka horreeya Wwaa viscosity-ka saxda ah ee saliidda marka la rujinayo iyadoo lagu saleynayo ASTM TEST D5293 jileeyaha qabow-cranking) iyo viscosity bamgareynta ku saleysan ASTM D4684, ASTM D3829, ASTM D6821 ama ASTM D6896 (mini rotary viscometer). Qabow-qarxintu waxay u dhigantaa qabowga bilawga matoorka heerkul kala duwan iyadoo lagu saleynayo viscosity-ka la saadaaliyay ee saliidda la tijaabinayo. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, tijaabiyeyaashu uma isticmaalaan heerkul isku mid ah saliid kasta.

Tusaale ahaan, si loo gaadho 0W, saliiddu waa inaanay ka badnaan ugu badnaan 6200mPa (megapascal) viscosity cranking at -31°F (-35°C) iyo ugu badnaan bamgareynta viscosity of 60,000 mPa at -40°F/C.

Eeg shaxdan si aad u fahanto sida labada saliid ee nambarka kowaad leh ay u yeelan karaan laba muuqaal oo buuxa oo kala duwan.

> <5

Markaa saliidda 5W waxay MAR WALBA bixin doontaa gariir iyo awood bamgarayn ka wanaagsan 10W heerkul kasta. Sida iska cad, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in la isticmaalo saliid 0W ama 5W cimilada qabow si ay u caawiso kicinta iyo awoodda bamka, laakiin 0W ama 5W waxay sidoo kale caawisaa awoodda bamgareynta iyo awoodda bamka heerkulka kulaylka sidoo kale.

Hadda aynu eegno kala duwanaanshaha. mPa buuxda/dhaqdhaqaaqa mPa ee laba saliidood oo isku mid ah lambarka koowaad: 10W40 iyo 10W-60

4> 10W-40 waxay leedahay viscosity firfircoon oo ah 735.42 mPa @ 0 ° C. Laakiin saliidda 10W-60 waxay leedahay viscosity firfircoon oo ah 1453.82mPa @ 0°C. Labada saliidba waa 10W! Marka in kasta oo ay labadooduba yihiin 10W, waxay leeyihiin gebi ahaanba kala duwanaansho iyo bamgaraynsifooyin

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> >

>Noocyada wax-ka-beddelayaasha Viscosity index

Qalabka tooska ah iyo saliidda fasallada badan waxay ka kooban yihiin beddelayaasha viscosity ee labadaba caadiga ah. iyo saliid synthetic. Soo-saareyaashu waxay isticmaalaan noocyo kala duwan oo badeecooyin ah, sida polymers-ka-milmi-sanliyeed ama copolymers

Dhibaatooyinka shubka iyo shubka-dhibcaha

Qoddobka saliiddu waa heerkulka aanay saliiddu mar dambe socon. Ku shub waxyaalaha lagu daro ee niyad-jabka saliidda si tartiib tartiib ah u dhumucda heerkulka hoose adiga oo dib u dhigaya crystallization ee qaybaha paraffin ee saliidda. Tani waxay hoos u dhigtaa heerkulka dhibicda

Viscosity Index Improvers (VII)

4> VII hagaajinta badanaa waa silsilad dheer, unugyo-molecular-miisaan sare leh oo qaabkooda beddela heerkulka. Marka ay qabowdahay, si adag ayaa loo laalaa ama loo duubaa. Marka ay ku jiraan xaalad qabow, ma kordhiyaan viscosity saliidda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka heerkulku saliidu kor u kaco, molecules-yadu "furtaan/furmaan." Markaa waxay qaataan meelo badan oo waxay kordhiyaan khilaafka saliidda matoorka si ay u magdhabaan sifooyinka khafiifinta kulaylka saliidda. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxay u dhaqmaan sidii dhumuc si ay u yareeyaan khafiifinta saliidda.>•

• palmitate polyvinyl

•polyvinyl caprylate,

• copolymers of vinyl palmitate oo leh vinyl acetate,

Laakiin waxaa jira hoos u dhac ku yimaada polymer VIIs. Markasta oo uu sareeyo miisaanka molecular ee polymer-ka, waa inta uu sii fidayo. Laakiin marka ay sare u kacdo miisaanka molecular, waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin "xiirid" marka ay u dhexeeyaan laba qaybood oo dhaqdhaqaaq ah. Haddii saliid-sifeeye/ blender uu isticmaalo fiirsi sare oo ah miisaanka molecular VII polymers, in ka badan waxay ka hortagi karaan khafiifinta saliidda marka saliiddu cusub tahay. Laakiin marka saliiddu urursato mayl, xiiradu waxay dhaawacdaa polymers-yada waxayna dhab ahaantii yaraynaysaa awoodda ay ku ilaalinayso viscosity-ka la sheegay. Sidaa darteed, polymers-ka silsiladda dheer ayaa si degdeg ah u burbura sababtoo ah "xiirid" inta u dhaxaysa qaybaha dhaqdhaqaaqa. Dhab ahaantii, muddo gaaban gudaheed, xiirta uu keeno matoorku wuxuu samayn karaa saliid 5w30 u dhaqmo sida 5w20 (ama ka hooseeya) saliid. Tani waxay keenaysaa hoos u dhac ku yimaada ilaalinta injiinka.

Dhinaca flip, blender/ refiner my add some high molecular weight polymers along with low molecular weight polymers in conunging with a high viscosity base stock si ay u bixiyaan dheelitirka u dhexeeya khafiifinta heerkulka sare iyo cimriga saliidda oo dheer. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waa cunto karis ah oo ku xiran nadiifiyaha shakhsi ahaaneed / blender.

Koobid

Saliida casriga ah waa isku-darka saliidda kaydka saldhigga ah oo lagu daro si loo yareeyo khafiifinta heerkulka sare iyo waxyaabaha kale ee lagu daro si loo yareeyo dhumucyada heerkulka qabow. Intaa waxaa dheer viscosity la xiriirawax lagu daro, refiners iyo blenders daray, anti-corrosive, friction modifying, saabuunta iyo anti-xumbada lagu daro.

Doorashada ee salka stock viscosity iyo tayada, oo ay la socdaan noocyada iyo tirada wax lagu daro ayaa si buuxda ilaa sifeeye ama blender madax banaan. Waa cunto kariye ku salaysan qiimaha alaabta ceeriin iyo tayada tayada uu rabo in uu ku guulaysto saxaraha ama blender.